MKK4 is a novel target for the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by myricetin.

TitleMKK4 is a novel target for the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by myricetin.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2009
AuthorsKim, J-E, Kwon, JYeon, Lee, DEun, Kang, NJoo, Heo, Y-S, Lee, KWon, Lee, HJoo
JournalBiochem Pharmacol
Volume77
Issue3
Pagination412-21
Date Published2009 Feb 01
ISSN1873-2968
KeywordsAnimals, Blotting, Western, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flavonoids, Immunoprecipitation, Mice, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Models, Molecular, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a mediator of multiple inflammatory diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in TNF-alpha-mediated diseases. We investigated the inhibitory effects of 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone (myricetin), an abundant natural flavonoid, on TNF-alpha-induced VEGF upregulation and the underlying molecular mechanism. Myricetin is a direct inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1) and inhibits neoplastic cell transformation. We found that myricetin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced VEGF expression in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells by targeting MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4), as well as MEK1. The activation of activator protein-1 by TNF-alpha was inhibited by myricetin in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK was inhibited by myricetin, but not the phosphorylation of their upstream kinases MKK4 and MEK1. TNF-alpha-induced VEGF expression was inhibited by SP600125 and U0126, which are inhibitors of JNK and MEK, respectively. Myricetin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MKK4 activity and bound glutathione S-transferase-MKK4 directly by competing with ATP. Computer modeling suggested that myricetin docks onto the ATP-binding site in MKK4, which is located between the N- and C-lobes of the kinase domain. Overall, our results indicate that myricetin has potent chemopreventive effects against TNF-alpha-related disease, mainly by targeting MKK4 and MEK1.

DOI10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.027
Alternate JournalBiochem. Pharmacol.
PubMed ID19026990